Publication date: 15th December 2025
Molecular inks, composed of reactive metal complexes, offer a versatile platform for the controlled synthesis of a large library of materials. By controlling the ink composition, a large variety of perovskite nanostructures including 2D Ruddlesden-Popper phases, 3D nanocrystals and epitaxial thin films can be selectively synthesized. Focusing on tin perovskites, due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, the effect of ligand coordination in tin iodide inks was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and 119Sn NMR. By tuning the ink composition, the formation of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper nanostructures or 3D FASnI3 perovskite nanocrystals could be selectively controlled. In parallel, tin chalcogenide molecular inks derived from reactive tin thiolate complexes were screened as platforms for the synthesis of epitaxial tin chalcogenide perovskite thin films. By coupling 119Sn NMR of the ink solutions with XRD of the annealed inks, the relationship between the tin precursor complex and the resulting nanostructure could be elucidated. Equipped with these insights, we show how the strategic design of tin based molecular inks can be used to synthesize targeted tin perovskite nanostructures, paving the way for next generation materials.
Kushagra Gahlot, Mihai.T. Todosia, Julius Meijer, Manuel Pérez Escribano, Joaquín Calbo,
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