Electrochemical Doping of Conducting Polymers – from 2D to 3D Architectures
Sabine Ludwigs a
a IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2026 Conference (MATSUSSpring26)
B3 Chemical and Electrochemical Doping of Organic Semiconductors
Barcelona, Spain, 2026 March 23rd - 27th
Organizers: Mariano Campoy Quiles and Christian Müller
Invited Speaker, Sabine Ludwigs, presentation 225
Publication date: 15th December 2025

The talk will give an overview of our recent activities about design and processing of polymeric mixed-ionic-electronic conductors for opto-electronic and switchable technologies making use of electrochemical doping of conducting polymers.

Starting from p-type doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films1 and their solid-state absorption and conductivity behavior, I will show our latest results on n-type doping of naphthalenebisimide-based copolymers (PNDI2OD-T2)2 and some of its derivatives3. It is interesting to note that our data clearly show bell-shaped conductivity profiles which are indicative of localized charges and redox polymer characteristics for the n-type materials.

Within the talk I will also introduce redox polymer materials based on triphenylamine (TPA) and carbazole (CBz) redox units.4 Both redox units can be irreversibly linked upon (electro)chemical oxidation leading to dimer redox species. In polymer films these dimers can act as crosslinkers, the number of redox units strongly influencing their charge transport behavior. Extending our strategy from 2D thin films to 3D architectures allows us to apply 3D digital light processing which enlarges our architectural design yielding redox-active chess pattern, dot arrays or even pyramids with distinct electrochromic properties.5

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