Publication date: 15th December 2025
The development of ever-increasing means of communication, such as 5G, and detection systems, such as military and civilian radars, is leading to an increase in the number of sources emitting electromagnetic waves and thus in strong electromagnetic pollution. This pollution can be the source of numerous interference problems between devices, as well as possible health problems. In that context, there is a strong need of new absorbent materials that are more effective and also over a wider frequency range. Hybrid perovskites (HPs), and in particular MAPI, are excellent dielectric materials displaying many polarisation modes that can be modulated according to frequency, making them excellent candidates for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) application. However, EMWA testing requires a large quantity of powder to be dispersed within a polymeric matrix. Therefore, hybrid perovskites (HPs) were synthesised using mechanosynthesis, a solvent-free method that enables the production of large quantities of powders with good reproducibility and homogeneity. At first, we have studied the well-known 3D MAPbI3 phase as EMWA materials, demonstrated an effect of grinding time and of the powder size and evidenced a broad absorption peak at 12 GHz. However, this phase suffers from a poor air stability. We therefore decided to study other HPs compositions, such as CsPbBr₃ and MAPbBr₃, which have presented a higher stability and showed new interesting absorption properties at the X band in the range 6 to 13 GHz and also Ku band in the range 13 to 20 GHz. To better emphasize their absorbing properties, we have combined these HPs with carbon-based materials to introduce new dissipation mechanisms, particularly interfacial polarisation and charge dissipation networks. We have worked at first with graphene due to its conductive properties and its already proved ability to form effective interfaces with HPs. Tests were carried out to determine the best way to integrate graphene into the synthesis process, the optimal ratio, and how to sieve and disperse the resulting powder in a polymer matrix to analyse their EMWA properties. Optimized compositions and processes have allowed obtaining Reflection Loss lower than -10 dB.
The authors thank the "Agence Innovation Défense" for the PHD scholarship of Victor Denaud and the ANR for funding the ABPERO project.
