Publication date: 15th December 2025
Herein, we present a comparative study of different solution-based and solution-free zinc oxide deposition methods in the context of their impact on the stability of ZnO/perovskite interface using a series of complementary experimental and computational methods. Thus, it has been revealed that the OH-terminated oxide surface induced severe degradation of all types of perovskite absorbers. The zinc oxide passivated from the surface with acetate groups was found to be very aggressive toward MAPbI3 and quite inert with respect to a methylammonium-free perovskite formulation. Most notably, the amine-passivated ZnO films induced no degradation of the perovskite absorber films, whereas the corresponding perovskite solar cells retained 70% of the initial efficiency after 2500 h of continuous operation under open circuit conditions and white light irradiation, which is an impressive result for devices with n-i-p geometry. Thus, the presented results demonstrate the power of the surface chemistry that can alter completely the behavior of the ZnO films; this approach holds a great potential for tailoring the properties of other oxide materials such as TiO2, SnO2, NiO, etc. to pave a way to efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Project № 22-73-10138-P).
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