Publication date: 15th December 2025
Engineering electrochemical sensors often relies on biological components such as enzymes and aptamers, which provide exceptional specificity but suffer from limited conductivity and poor long-term stability. In contrast, inorganic and composite materials are being developed to overcome these limitations, offering enhanced sensitivity, and stability, while their specificity can be tuned through surface functionalization or selective catalytic activity. Among those materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) stand out thanks to their 2D structure that offers a large surface area in combination with abundant active metal sites that promote electrocatalytic reactions.[1]
Within this class of materials, selenides are of great interest for electrochemical applications, as selenium offers higher conductivity than sulfur due to the more delocalized electron cloud that allows electron mobility [2]. Each metallic center facilitates distinct catalytic reactions, which then drives the sensor’s response toward particular analytes, allowing their electrochemical determination.
The electrocatalytic properties of VSe2 towards nitrobenzene reduction enable the development of a sensitive sensor for this nitroaromatic compound [3]. Additionally, WSe2 coupled with a Ti3C2Cl2 MXene is used for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, with WSe2 offering the electrocatalytic properties and MXene enhancing the conductivity facilitating the electron transfer process, and thus, the sensor performance [4]. Materials have been characterized for their morphological and structural characteristics and their ethanolic suspension was applied on a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical sensing performance of the modified electrodes was optimized, and the capabilities was assessed through calibration features.
References
[1] Sajjad, M., Amin, M., Javed, M. S., Imran, M., Hu, W., Mao, Z., & Lu, W. (2021). Recent trends in transition metal diselenides (XSe2: X = Ni, Mn, Co) and their composites for high energy faradic supercapacitors. Journal of Energy Storage, 43, 103176.
[2] Papavasileiou, A.V., Antonatos, N., Luxa, J., Dekanovsky, L., Ashtiani, S., Lontio Fomekong, R., Sofer, Z., Two-dimensional VSe2 nanoflakes as a promising sensing electrocatalyst for nitrobenzene determination in water samples, Electrochimica Acta, 475, 2024, 143653
[3] Kagkoura, A., Papavasileiou, A. V., Wei, S., Oliveira, F. M., Šturala, J., Sofer, Z., WSe2 nanoflowers grown on Ti3C2Cl2 MXene for energy applications and sensing, npj 2D materials and applications, 9, 2025, 73
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