Publication date: 15th December 2025
Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have become one of the leading semiconductors in optoelectronics and the emerging field of optoionics. However, their instability under device operating conditions, such as voltage bias and light, limits their practical applications.[1] Moreover, these materials primarily contain toxic lead, which can be detrimental to the environment.[2–4] These critical setbacks can be overcome by incorporating tailored organic moieties into lead-free halide perovskite frameworks to form hybrid low-dimensional or layered perovskite architectures that are more resilient under operating conditions.[2–4] We rely on supramolecular engineering to develop a new generation of such lead-free halide perovskite materials, including mixed-dimensional tin-based perovskites[2–3] and layered double perovskite analogues,[4] as well as metal-free perovskite alternatives.[5] Finally, we explore their structural and opto(electro)ionic characteristics to demonstrate the utility in photovoltaics and neuromorphic systems toward more sustainable technologies.
The authors appreciate the support from the Sustainable Materials & Manufacturing (SUSMAT) program and the Research Council of Finland (Project No. 362642, SupraPV), as well as from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 101114653, SmartHyMat).
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