Publication date: 15th December 2025
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) have emerged as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic advantages of low cost, long lifespan, inherent safety, and straightforward, scalable architecture. However, their rate performance is often limited by the formation of dense solid intermetallic compounds during discharge, which hinder ion transport and induce large polarization. To overcome these kinetic constraints, recent studies have focused on interface engineering using alloyed positive electrodes. Networked liquid pathways constructed through alloying—such as Bi–Sn, Bi–Cd, and Bi–Cu systems—significantly enhance electrochemical kinetics by improving ionic diffusivity, increasing electrical conductivity, and lowering diffusion energy barriers. These strategies enable higher reaction stoichiometry, reduced polarization, and improved adaptability to lower operating temperatures. As a result, LMBs incorporating such engineered alloy cathodes demonstrate outstanding performance, including high energy efficiency (>91%), excellent high-rate capability (up to 3–3.4 C with >80% capacity retention), stable cycling over hundreds to thousands of cycles, and competitive system-level cost. Collectively, these advances highlight the critical role of interface-guided alloy architecture design in unlocking fast-kinetic, durable, and scalable LMBs, offering a powerful pathway toward practical large-scale energy storage deployment.
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB2408300), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374310, 92372205, 51874228). The author gratefully acknowledges the support of K. C. Wong Education Foundation.
nanoGe is a prestigious brand of successful science conferences that are developed along the year in different areas of the world since 2009. Our worldwide conferences cover cutting-edge materials topics like perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, solar fuel conversion, surface science, catalysis and two-dimensional materials, among many others.
Previously nanoGe Spring Meeting (NSM) and nanoGe Fall Meeting (NFM), MATSUS is a multiple symposia conference focused on a broad set of topics of advanced materials preparation, their fundamental properties, and their applications, in fields such as renewable energy, photovoltaics, lighting, semiconductor quantum dots, 2-D materials synthesis, charge carriers dynamics, microscopy and spectroscopy semiconductors fundamentals, etc.
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
The main topics of the Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP) are discussed every year in Asia-Pacific for gathering the recent advances in the fields of material preparation, modeling and fabrication of perovskite and hybrid and organic materials. Photovoltaic devices are analyzed from fundamental physics and materials properties to a broad set of applications. The conference also covers the developments of perovskite optoelectronics, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.
The International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO) is the best place to hear the latest developments in perovskite solar cells as well as on recent advances in the fields of perovskite light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.