Accelerating battery innovation through operando gas analysis

Israel Temprano^b, Debashis Truipathi^b, Clare Grey^b

^aUniversity of A Coruña, Science Building, Rua da Fraga, 10, A Coruña, 15008, Spain

^bYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom

Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2026 Conference (MATSUSSpring26)

F3 Processing and manufacturing of next generation batteries

Barcelona, Spain, 2026 March 23rd - 27th

Organizer: Sergio Pinilla

Invited Speaker, Israel Temprano, presentation 333
Publication date: 15th December 2025

The comprehensive understanding of interface formation and evolution remains one of the most important challenges for rapid battery innovation, as these interfaces play a pivotal role on both performance and safety[1]. The gas evolution signature of interfacial processes can be highly informative, and operando gas analysis techniques have become an essential tool for accelerating battery innovation[2-6]. Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EMS) can provide quantitative information of individual processes occurring in the cell, as well as their interconnectivity (e.g., cathode-anode crosstalk and anode slippage) with high sensitivity and resolution.

Here we present online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) studies of systems with both high-nickel cathode materials and high-voltage anode materials that show the nature, onset, extent and interconnectivity of parasitic reactions leading to cell aging using very short test protocols. Our results indicate the need for better understanding these processes in order to accurately target solutions such as electrolyte formulations, coatings, etc., to accelerate materials innovation in batteries.

References:

[1] Temprano, I., et al., Advanced methods for characterizing battery interfaces: Towards a comprehensive understanding of interfacial evolution in modern batteries. Energy Storage Materials, 2024. 73: p. 103794

[2] Rinkel, B.L.D., et al., Electrolyte Oxidation Pathways in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020. 142(35): p. 15058-15074

[3] Dose, W.M., et al., Electrolyte Reactivity at the Charged Ni-Rich Cathode Interface and Degradation in Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022. 14(11): p. 13206-13222

[4] Dose, W.M., et al., Onset Potential for Electrolyte Oxidation and Ni-Rich Cathode Degradation in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Energy Letters, 2022. 7(10): p. 3524-3530

[5] Páez Fajardo, G.J., et al., Synergistic Degradation Mechanism in Single Crystal Ni-Rich NMC//Graphite Cells. ACS Energy Letters, 2023: p. 5025-5031

[6] 1. Temprano, I., et al., Advanced methods for characterizing battery interfaces: Towards a comprehensive understanding of interfacial evolution in modern batteries. Energy Storage Materials, 2024. 73: p. 103794. 2. Rinkel, B.L.D., et al., Electrolyte Oxidation Pathways in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020. 142(35): p. 15058-15074. 3. Dose, W.M., et al., Electrolyte Reactivity at the Charged Ni-Rich Cathode Interface and Degradation in Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022. 14(11): p. 13206-13222. 4. Dose, W.M., et al., Onset Potential for Electrolyte Oxidation and Ni-Rich Cathode Degradation in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Energy Letters, 2022. 7(10): p. 3524-3530. 5. Páez Fajardo, G.J., et al., Synergistic Degradation Mechanism in Single Crystal Ni-Rich NMC//Graphite Cells. ACS Energy Letters, 2023: p. 5025-5031. 6. Wang, R., et al., Influence of Carbonate Electrolyte Solvents on Voltage and Capacity Degradation in Li-Rich Cathodes for Li-ion Batteries. Advanced Energy Materials, 2024. 14(32): p. 2401097

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