Publication date: 15th December 2025
Understanding the interplay between bright excitons and free carriers is fundamental for optimizing emerging optoelectronic materials, ranging from hybrid perovskites to van der Waals layered crystals. While ultrafast spectroscopy is a standard tool, high-repetition-rate measurements (MHz range) often obscure slow relaxation processes and deep trapping dynamics due to pulse pile-up and thermal accumulation.
In this contribution, we present a comprehensive study of carrier dynamics using a correlated Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) system operating in a low-repetition rate regime (100–200 kHz). This specific temporal window (>5 µs between pulses) allows for the complete relaxation of long-lived trap states, providing a pristine background for each excitation event. We demonstrate that this setup is uniquely suited for distinguishing between radiative recombination and non-radiative transport-relevant processes in materials synthesized via solution processing and chemical vapor transport.
Our results highlight that the combination of TRMC and TRPL in the sub-MHz regime offers a powerful, non-contact feedback loop for optimizing synthesis protocols, enabling the precise identification of loss mechanisms in the microsecond time domain often overlooked by standard ultrafast techniques.
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