Synthesis of Hollow CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanocubes and Their Heterostructures
Zhanzhao Li a, Yurii P. Ivanov b, Nikolaos Livakas a, Giorgio Divitini b, Liberato Manna a
a Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
b Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2026 Conference (MATSUSSpring26)
C4 Precision synthesis of nanocrystals and nanochemistry
Barcelona, Spain, 2026 March 23rd - 27th
Organizers: ZHANZHAO LI, Baowei Zhang and Juliette Zito
Oral, Zhanzhao Li, presentation 419
Publication date: 15th December 2025

The structural and compositional modifications of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals have been extensively studied for applications such as tailoring optical properties and constructing superlattices. However, the facile synthesis of hollow structured CsPbX3 nanocrystals remains challenging. Here, we report a simple method to synthesize core@shell AgBr@CsPbBr3 nanocubes, which serve as templates for producing single-phase hollow CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocubes through sequential halide anion exchange reactions. Exchange with Cl⁻ ions leads to Ag@CsPbCl3, whereas exchange with I⁻ ions results in hollow CsPbI3 cubes due to the I⁻ etching of the AgBr core. These hollow CsPbI3 nanocubes can subsequently be transformed into hollow CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 nanocubes via adjacent halide exchanges. Controlled adjacent halide exchanges (I → Br and Br → I) consistently yield alloyed CsPb(I:Br)3 and CsPb(Br:Cl)3 nanocubes. Notably, more complex heterostructures, including CsPbI3-CsPbCl3 and CsPbCl3@CsPbI3, are formed during jump halide exchanges (I → Cl and Cl → I). In the CsPbI3-CsPbCl3 heterostructure, CsPbCl3 domains, primarily located at the corners, share epitaxial interfaces with CsPbI3 domains within a single hollow nanocube. In the CsPbCl3@CsPbI3 heterostructure, CsPbI3 layers propagate on the surface, forming a core@shell geometry in a single perovskite nanocube. This discovery provides a platform for exploring the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures featuring epitaxial domains with photoluminescence emissions spanning different regions of the visible spectrum.

Manna, L. acknowledge funding from European Research Council through the ERC Advanced Grant NEHA (grant agreement n. 101095974). Li, Z. acknowledges funding from Horizon Europe through the MSCA-PF agreement no. 101150406 (SPUREPER).

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