Publication date: 15th December 2025
The performance and durability of lithium metal batteries are strongly influenced by the structure and chemistry of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which forms through electrolyte reduction at the anode. Conventional strategies for creating fluorine rich SEIs rely on large amounts of fluorinated solvents or salts, increasing cost and environmental impact while often compromising electrolyte properties. We introduced a new SEI design concept that uses positively charged, readily reducible fluorinated cations which are electrostatically attracted to the negatively polarized lithium surface. Through this mechanism, we form a robust fluorine containing SEI using only millimolar additive levels, facilitating uniform and dense lithium plating and significantly improving interfacial stability. Building on this strategy, we are expanding the concept to a broader set of custom designed pyridinium-based cations to control SEI chemistry. By tuning functional groups, we aim to establish molecular level relationships between cation structure, SEI composition, and interphase mechanical and transport properties. Ongoing work examines how cation derived interphases form and evolve, how their nanoscale properties influence cycling stability, and how cation solvation environments affect SEI performance.
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