Publication date: 15th December 2025
Thanks to their superior bandgap tunability and high absorption coefficient, metal halide perovskites hold great promise for the fabrication of both single- and multi-junction photovoltaics capable of delivering high power conversion efficiencies at low cost[1].
For all-perovskite multi-junction photovoltaics, one of the major challenges lies in the low quality of narrow-bandgap (~1.25 eV) mixed tin–lead perovskite films used as rear absorbers[2]. In the conference, we will present our recent studies on the modification of the mixed tin–lead perovskites interfaces, covering the tin metal chelating[3], surface dipole[4,5], and in situ surface reaction[6] modification strategies. On the other hand, we also show our recent investigations into the solution chemistry and crystallisation behaviour of tin–lead perovskites[7,8]. We aim to provide general material insights for improving film quality and device performance.
As a result, we have achieved efficiencies exceeding 23.9% in single-junction tin–lead perovskite solar cells, with open-circuit voltages up to 0.91 V. Building on optimisations of wide-bandgap neat-lead perovskites (spanning ~1.5 to ~2.0 eV), we further demonstrate the successful integration of improved tin–lead absorbers into double-, triple-, and first-ever quadruple-junction tandem solar cells, reaching efficiencies over 29%, 28%, and 27%, respectively. In addition, we will outline promising strategies to enhance both the light and thermal stability of these perovskite subcells, aiming to improve the reliability of efficient multi-junction photovoltaics.
We acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, under grant numbers EP/S004947/1, EP/X038777/1, and EP/X037169/1, and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding Guarantee under grant number 10054976 (The NEXUS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101075330) for funding.
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