Publication date: 15th December 2025
Large scale green hydrogen production for energy storage is essential to bridge the gap between the fluctuating renewable energy production and the more even energy demand. The most significant bottleneck in green hydrogen production is the scarcity and high cost of iridium oxide electrocatalyst used for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysers. Various attempts are made to find cheaper alternatives. Combinations of non-noble metals in the form of oxides can produce useful alternatives due to their high catalytic activity, however usually these fail to compete with iridium oxide on stability.
One approach to resolve this is to apply a protective layer on top of the catalyst, which increases its stability significantly. The presented experimental work is based on theoretical calculations from Jan Rossmeisl’s group, which suggest that such an overlayer of TiO2 can serve as both a protective layer and an active surface for electrocatalysis. This method necessitates a thin enough layer that the catalyst remains active and conductive, while thick enough to provide dissolution protection. So far, thin film samples synthesised by electrodeposition, with TiO2 overlayers applied by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) have shown improvements in stability, while leaving the activity unaffected within errors for multiple model systems. Building on these results, further work will focus on finding the ideal underlying mixed metal oxide composition, fine tuning it to provide maximal activity with the overlayer, while investigating their effect on the dissolution rate and mechanism.
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