Publication date: 15th December 2025
Greener emerging technologies are arising to substitute dominant Li-ion batteries due to their high costs and safety issues. The development of energy storage systems based on zinc technologies, such as Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs)1-2 is one these emerging technologies, due to its simplicity, its compatibility with water and stability. ZHSCs uses Zn as anode and capacitive carbon electrodes as cathode, with offers the possibility to hybridize them by incorporating redox-active nanomaterials to obtain higher energy density and longer cyclability3-4. Prussian Blue (PB, nanocubes made from Fe, N, and C) and its analogues (Co, Cu, Ni) have emerged as interesting faradaic nanomaterials for Zn-ion technologies due to their ability to intercalate cations (Na+ and Zn+2) inside their crystalline structure.5 However, PB often suffers from crystalline defects problems that reduce their potential performance, together with low kinetics due to large sizes of the particles.3 In this sense, the development of novel synthetic approaches to control their nanostructure and size become an important factor in order to obtain high diffusion PB.6-7 In addition, for a real development of more efficient devices, focusing only on electrode materials is not enough. Innovation towards more respectful and eco-friendlier electrode fabrication, together with a tailored electrode engineering is mandatory. In this sense, this work combines the development of novel nanoconfined synthetic approaches for obtaining good ion diffusion Prussian Blue nanomaterials with the fundamental study of their incorporation the microstructure of a hybrid free-standing electrode for dual zinc-ion supercapacitors.
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion (MCIIN), the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (grants PID2024-157199OB-C21) and the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme, Grant CEX2021–001214-S, for this research activities. R.M.G-G thanks the financial support from the Women Talent Programme from ICN2 (CEX2021-001214-S/MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).
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