Publication date: 15th December 2025
Using waste streams as feedstocks for chemical manufacturing creates opportunities for both sustainability and economic resilience. Rather than viewing CO₂ and nitrogen-containing wastes as environmental burdens, they can be transformed into abundant, low-cost raw materials for producing fuels, fertilizers, and other value-added chemicals. This strategy reduces dependence on fossil resources, lowers lifecycle emissions, and strengthens circularity in the chemical sector.
In this talk, we will examine approaches for recycling waste carbon (CO₂) and waste nitrogen (both organic and inorganic) through electrochemical refining. We will focus first on how to use reactor engineering to generate high-volume and energy-efficient syngas from carbon capture feed solutions[1]. We will discuss reactor and system-based design principles, as well as how catalyst engineering at both the anode and cathode can improve system viability. We will also review the economics of integrating carbon capture with electrochemical conversion.
Beyond carbon utilization, we will explore opportunities to convert waste nitrogen into fertilizers[2]. Wastewater treatment plants generate substantial amounts of sewage sludge, much of it stabilized through anaerobic digestion and enriched in organic nitrogen. We will discuss how electrolysis can break down this complex organic matter to produce high-value products such as ammonia and volatile fatty acids.
This has been supporting through the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0001949.
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