Publication date: 15th December 2025
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as versatile semiconductors with promising applications beyond photovoltaics, including photodetectors, X-ray detectors, lasing and photocatalysis. A major limitation, however, is their poor stability under environmental stressors such as moisture and water . Tuning the A-site cation is a well-established strategy to improve structural stability. Dimethylammonium (DMA) has shown effectiveness in tin-based perovskites, and both DMASnI3 and DMASnBr3 have been reported to exhibit structural stability in aqueous environments.[1,2] Yet, recent evidence shows that thin films of DMASnBr3 dissolve in water in less than a minute.[3]
In this work, we investigate the reversible and irreversible structural changes of DMASnX3 under different atmospheres, including O2, ambient air and water (X= I and Br). We demonstrate that water resistance is highly dependent on morphology and particle size. While single crystals and microparticles of DMASnX3 withstand water exposure for several hours, fine mechanochemically synthetised powders (ca. 300 nm) dissolve in water, mirroring the behaviour of thin films. We present a detailed study on the particle size-dependent stability and show how these insights guide the development of materials capable of surviving aqueous environments for hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic systems.
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