Publication date: 15th December 2025
Abstract: The development of clean and renewable energy carriers, particularly green hydrogen, has become a central objective in contemporary materials research. In this work, TiO₂/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized and evaluated as high-performance photocatalysts for hydrogen production through water splitting. The hybrid structure was designed to take advantage of the complementary optical and electronic properties of TiO₂ and ZnO, aiming to enhance light absorption, facilitate charge separation, and reduce electron– hole recombination. Nanocomposites were prepared using controlled chemical routes, and their structural, morphological, and optical characteristics were examined through XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV– Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was assessed under both UV and visible-light irradiation. The, TiO₂/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited significantly improved hydrogen production efficiency and superior long-term stability compared to pristine TiO₂. These findings demonstrate that optimizing interfacial interactions and band-alignment in metal-oxide nanocomposites provides an effective pathway for developing next-generation photocatalysts aimed at sustainable hydrogen generation.
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