Publication date: 15th December 2025
Silver bismuth iodobismuthates have emerged as promising lead-free, environmentally friendly materials for photovoltaic applications. Within the AgI–BiI₃–CuI compositional space, Cu₂AgBiI₆ (CABI) is particularly attractive due to its high absorption coefficient, relatively low exciton binding energy, and wide direct bandgap, making it suitable for tandem solar cells and indoor photovoltaics. The electronic properties of CABI are strongly influenced by its lattice structure, which can be modified by secondary phases formed during synthesis. In this study, we employ halide engineering through chlorine incorporation to enhance both the photovoltaic performance and stability of CABI. We investigate the relationship between anisotropic lattice modifications, film morphology, and optoelectronic properties in CABI-Cl. Mixed-halide CABI solar cells exhibit higher photocurrents under both 1 sun AM1.5 illumination and 1000 lux white LED conditions. Notably, while the open-circuit voltage (Voc) under 1 sun decreases with increasing chlorine content, it improves under indoor lighting conditions. Impedance spectroscopy reveals that these effects are linked to changes in recombination dynamics, shunt resistance, and interfacial charge transfer. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction coupled with maximum power point tracking demonstrates that CABI-Cl retains its crystal integrity over time, whereas pristine CABI undergoes degradation and phase segregation. These results provide new insights into the impact of halide engineering on CABI, highlighting its potential for stable and efficient indoor photovoltaic applications.
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