Publication date: 15th December 2025
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation gas sensing technologies, offering distinct advantages over traditional metal oxides, including room-temperature operation and low power consumption. However, achieving a balance between high sensitivity, long-term stability, and environmental safety remains a critical challenge. This work presents a comprehensive study on the design and optimization of all-inorganic MHP microcrystals for ozone (Ο3) and hydrogen (Η2) detection, evolving from Pb-based perovskites to eco-friendly Pb-free ones.
Initially, we investigate the impact of morphological engineering on ligand-free CsPbBr3 crystals. We demonstrate that rounded cube-shaped (RC) microcrystals, synthesized via a facile room-temperature method, exhibit superior sensing performance compared to their well-defined counterparts. The presence of surface defects in RCs facilitates exceptional interaction with analytes, enabling the detection of O3 concentrations as low as 4 ppb and H2 at 1 ppm, with rapid response/recovery times [1, 2].
To further address stability and mechanistic understanding, we explore compositional tuning through mixed-halide stoichiometries (CsPbBr3−xClx) and Mn-doping. Our results reveal a transition from p-type to n-type sensing behavior governed by the halide ratio. Crucially, Mn-doping is found to significantly enhance the sensing response, while aging effects lead to a surprising stabilization of the material properties due to halide redistribution. These experimental findings are corroborated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, which elucidate the active adsorption sites and the role of vacancies [3].
Finally, addressing the toxicity concerns of Pb, we introduce a highly stable, Cs2AgBiBr6 lead-free double perovskite sensor. We compare distinct morphologies (microsheets vs. microflowers) and identify microsheets as the optimal geometry for high-sensitivity detection. This eco-friendly sensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity against interfering gases (NO, H2, CO2, CH4) and maintains robust performance under high humidity and elevated temperatures [3]. Collectively, this study provides a roadmap for engineering durable, selective, and sustainable perovskite-based gas sensors for real-world environmental monitoring.
This research project has received funding from the EU's Horizon Europe framework programme for research and innovation under grant agreement BRIDGE (n. 101079421 from 01/10/2022 – 31/3/2026). In addition, FLAG-ERA Joint Transnational Call 2019 for transnational research projects in synergy with the two FET Flagships Graphene Flagship & Human Brain Project – ERA-NETS 2019b (PeroGaS: MIS 5070514) is acknowledged for the financial support.
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