Publication date: 15th December 2025
Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid heterostructures show promise in enabling error-limited quantum computation through qubits with longer coherence times and topologically protected qubits. The development of hybrids began with the quest for improved material interfaces in the Al/InAs system, initially for topological superconductor research and subsequently for gate-tunable qubits. However, aluminium has limitations in terms of critical current, and many other superconductors remain under-explored. Therefore, searching for alternative material combinations, introducing novel superconductors and exploring innovative architectures is essential to overcoming the limitations of current hybrid devices.
In this study, we present our work on developing supercurrent-tunable nanowire Josephson junctions, using either parallel Al/InAs nanowires or an alternative superconductor, such as tin (Sn). Tin is known to have a higher critical temperature and superconducting gap than aluminium. However, it is an allotrope, meaning it can exist in multiple crystalline phases, only one of which is suitable for quantum bit technologies. Therefore, the crystalline phase of Sn must be controlled during epitaxy or deposition to favour the desired phase [1, 2], ensuring that interfaces remain undamaged during growth.
Building on these advances in material science, we demonstrate improved performance and robustness of the device. Both our strategies demonstrate significant improvement in critical current tunability. In the case of Sn/InAs nanowires, the devices additionally demonstrate strong resilience to magnetic fields [3]. Tunable and large critical currents, as well as resilience to magnetic fields, are essential properties for quantum devices. Finally, we will present measurements of Josephson parametric amplifiers [4] and gate-controlled qubits [5].
References:
[1] M. Pendharkar et al, Science (2021)
[2] A. H. Chen et al, Nanotechnology (2023)
[3] A. Sharma et al, Nano Letters (2025)
[4] R. Rousset et al, in prep. (2025)
[5] A. Purkayastha et al, arXiv:2508.04007v1 (2025)
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