Publication date: 15th December 2025
The transition to a sustainable energy system heavily relies on the development of high-performance metal-ion batteries. These batteries require electrodes capable of reversibly storing charge quickly and over extended periods. This involves processes such as the chemical and structural modification of electrodes and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on the anode and cathode electrochemical interfaces (CEI). Given the complexity of these processes, there is a general consensus on the need for more in-situ and operando studies to better understand and improve future battery systems.
In this context, significant efforts have been devoted to developing a comprehensive operando approach using synchrotron-based techniques such as XPS, FTIR, XRD, and XAFS. This communication presents in-situ results obtained at the MSPD, NOTOS, CIRCE, and MIRAS beamlines at the ALBA synchrotron, focusing on the different vanadium oxide materials (H₂V₃O₈, V2O5 and Cu0.85V2O5) cathode materials and the key techniques used for each materials that have enabled the study of chemical, structural, and electronic changes in the bulk and surface of the electrode throughout the battery cycle.
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