Publication date: 15th December 2025
Mitigating climate change urgently requires effective strategies to reduce and remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage, coupled with the conversion of CO2 from industrial emissions into useful products via CO2 reduction reactions, offers a promising route toward a sustainable carbon economy. Nickel-phosphide (NixPy) catalysts are abundant, cost-effective, and demonstrate unique advantages, including phase-dependent catalytic activity, switchable selectivity toward a range of reaction products, and the potential to convert CO2 into value-added renewable energy chemicals. However, the rational development of NixPy catalysts as tunable materials for CO2 reduction is still in its early stages. Controlling their phases, size, morphology, and catalytic performance requires a detailed understanding of their formation mechanisms. In this study, we explore the phase-controlled growth dynamics and high-temperature stability of nickel-phosphide catalysts using in-situ transmission electron microscopy coupled with a chemical vapor deposition system. This real-time investigation provides critical insights into the structural evolution of NixPy catalysts, paving the way for the design of efficient, tunable catalysts for sustainable CO2 conversion and energy applications.
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