Publication date: 15th December 2025
Perovskite indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are emerging as a transformative technology for low-light intensity energy harvesting, owing to their high-power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), low-cost fabrication, solution-processability, and compositionally tunable band gaps. In this work, methylammonium-free CsxFA1-xPb(I1−yBry)3 perovskite absorbers were compositionally engineered to achieve band gaps of 1.55, 1.72, and 1.88 eV, enabling spectral alignment with indoor lighting. Devices based on a scalable mesoscopic n-i-p architecture were systematically evaluated under white LED illumination across correlated color temperatures (3000–5500 K) and light intensities from 250 to 1000 lux. The 1.72 eV composition exhibited the most robust performance across different light intensities and colors, achieving PCEs of 35.04% at 1000 lux and 36.6% at 250 lux, with stable device operation over 2000 hours. While the 1.88 eV band-gap variant reached a peak PCE of 37.4% under 250 lux (5500 K), however performance trade-offs were observed in current density and consistency. Our combined experimental and theoretical optical-electrical simulations suggest that decreasing trap-assisted recombination in wide-bandgap compositions may further improve IPV performance across varying illumination conditions. In contrast, devices with a 1.55 eV band gap underperformed due to suboptimal spectral overlap. These findings establish bandgap optimization and device architecture as key design principles for high-efficiency, stable perovskite IPVs, advancing their integration into self-powered electronic systems and innovative indoor environments.
