Publication date: 15th December 2025
This work focused on the synthesis and investigation of Fe3+ -doped Ba1-xLaxTi1-x/4O3 (BLT) ceramics with a perovskite-type ABO3 structure. An excess amount of Fe3+ donor dopant was introduced to partially replace Ti4+ ions in the BLT lattice, leading to materials with the general composition Ba1-xLaxTi1-yFeyO3 (BLTF), where x = 0.004 and y ranged from 0.001 to 0.004. The ceramics were fabricated via a conventional solid-state reaction route (MOM method) using simple oxide precursors, followed by consolidation through natural sintering. Thermal behavior of all ceramic powders was examined by TG/DTA and DTG techniques. The chemical composition of the BLTF powders was verified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), while the microstructure of both powders and sintered ceramics was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). EDS results confirmed that the intended chemical composition was achieved within an experimental uncertainty of approximately 3%. At room temperature (Tr < TC), the ceramics exhibited a single-phase tetragonal structure with the P4mm space group. Increasing iron content resulted in a slight reduction of the unit cell volume. Moreover, Fe incorporation led to a marked decrease in the maximum dielectric permittivity (εₘ) and shifted the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperature (TC) toward lower values. The BLTF solid solutions displayed a classical ferroelectric phase transition and low dielectric loss tangent (tg δ) both at ambient temperature and near the transition region. Based on dielectric measurements, the Curie–Weiss temperature (T0) and Curie constant (C) were determined. Finally, analysis of the temperature dependence of DC electrical conductivity indicated the occurrence of a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect in the vicinity of the phase transition.
