Publication date: 15th December 2025
Advances in the colloidal synthesis and surface chemistry of tin-halide perovskite nanocrystals (THP NCs) have resulted in improvements in chemical and structural stability and enhancement of their luminescence efficiency. Despite recent efforts to clarify the solid-state electronic properties of THP NCs, the origin of their emissive states is not fully resolved, particularly at low temperatures where multiple radiative species coexist. Across different reports, these emissions have been attributed to band-edge, self-trapped or bound excitons, defect-mediated pathways, and structural polymorphism1-4. This complexity is further amplified by synthesis variability, as different preparation routes produce THP NCs with distinct structural and surface characteristics that influence the NC luminescence4.
Herein, variable-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of weakly confined 3D CsSnI₃ and FASnI₃ NC films containing minor residual 2D Ruddlesden–Popper type of phases is presented5,6. The measurements reveal two distinct emissive behaviours that frequently coexist within the same sample: (i) regions exhibiting a single emission band attributed to recombination of the 3D NC excitons, and (ii) regions characterized by multiple emissive species, dominated by the NC free excitonic transition, yet accompanied by additional higher- and lower-energy channels. The higher-energy emission is tentatively assigned to excitons localized in secondary 2D phases, whereas the lower energy band is more likely related to defect-bound excitons that undergo thermal ionization repopulating the free-exciton states as the temperature is raised. Preliminary results suggest subtle differences in such behavior between CsSnI₃ and FASnI₃ NCs, leading to small variations in the relative spectral weights and localization energies of the bound-exciton emission channel.
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