Publication date: 15th December 2025
The conversion of small gas-phase molecules has become an intensively researched field due to its potential for producing high-value chemicals in a controlled manner using renewable electricity.
One such molecule is CO, which, due to its binding energy of 1072 kJ/mol [1] and poor water solubility, is difficult to reduce selectively (competing with water reduction, HER). However, its non-bonding electron pair capable of forming a dative bond allows it to bind strongly to transition metals, thereby weakening the CO bond. The catalyst highlighted in the literature for this process, and therefore used in this study, is Cu [2], which is also the only catalyst capable of inducing the formation of multi-carbon products (e.g. ethene, ethanol, methanol, acetone…). To alleviate masstransport limitations arising from the poor aqueous solubility of CO, we utilized gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), whose porous architecture establishes an efficient threephase interface. To enhance product selectivity, we incorporated a range of polymer additives with distinct physicochemical properties (PAMPS, PMMA, PAMPTMA, PAAM, PVDF, and Nafion) and evaluated their influence at technologically relevant current densities (up to1.2 A/cm2). These experiments allowed us to identify key parameters governing selective CO electroreduction.
Another high-stability molecule is methane, in which the energy of the first C-H bond is 438.86 kJ/mol [3]. Although lower than that of CO, methane’s symmetry and lack of a lone electron pair hinder effective catalyst–substrate interactions, rendering C–H activation a major challenge. To improve mechanistic understanding of this process, we investigated the electrochemical oxidation of methane using various noblemetal catalysts, focusing on elucidating reaction pathways and kinetics.
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