Publication date: 15th December 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an exciting, emerging photovoltaic technology showing promise for circular economy applications and contributing to net-zero targets. [1] Currently, PSCs demonstrate power conversion efficiencies up to 27.3 %, aided by a high absorption coefficient and ideal bandgap. [2-3] However, exposure to moisture, oxygen, heat or light decomposes the Pb-containing perovskite layer into water-soluble lead salts, Pb2+. These species may leach into the environment when modules are damaged during use or end-of-life processing. [4-5] This leads to harmful accumulation in our biosphere, ultimately impacting human health. [6] To mitigate this, colourimetric methods were explored to assess dyes that selectively bind Pb²⁺, enabling early detection of PSC degradation and prevention of lead release. Metal–ligand interactions were observed using UV–Vis absorbance alongside visual colour observations to evaluate binding behaviour and complex strength. By binding Pb²⁺ as it forms, these dyes support sequestration while simultaneously offering a visual indication of degradation. This results in an approach that aims to reduce environmental emissions and support real‑time monitoring of PSC stability.
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