Publication date: 15th December 2025
Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have been emerged as the most promising lead-free perovskite photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, the state-of-the-art TPSCs are lagging far behind that of Pb-based counterparts (over 27%).[1] Typically, the facile Sn2+ oxidation induces high density of defects into tin perovskite bulk film, causing heavy non-radiative recombination and lowering efficiency in the final device. In addition, light is an indispensable component at device operation, while triggers further degradation on the existed defect sites, affecting their long-term durability. In this regard, strategies for elevating antioxidation and light resistance in TPSCs are highly essential.
In our work, we introduced a natural antioxidant (Ellagic acid, EA) into DMSO-free processed tin perovskites to improve the resistance to light and oxygen. On the one hand, DMSO is a critical factor that induces Sn2+ oxidation besides oxygen.[2] Removing DMSO prevents the foreseeable potential of Sn2+ oxidation. On the other hand, ellagic acid is a well-known radicals/oxygen species scavenger,[3] possessing the ability to suppress Sn2+ oxidation and radicals production due to its characteristic hydroxyl groups (-OH). Simultaneously, tin perovskite film with EA shows higher homogeneity and intensity from PL mapping compared to the control film, attributing to reduced nonradiative recombination. As results, the film with EA exhibits enhanced light and oxygen stability from continuous PL and XPS results. A best efficiency of 10.2% is achieved for devices contained EA in comparison with 9.3% for control devices. Moreover, a device with EA demonstrates improved operational stability by 6 folds for T80 in N2 atmosphere and 3 folds for T60 in dry air atmosphere, respectively, under long-term MPP tracking in contrast to the control device. These findings highlight the role of antioxidant molecule against light and oxidation for sustainable development of TPSCs.
The authors acknowlege the support of Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin and HySPRINT lab.
The authors acknowlege Johannes Beckedahl for conducting the Aging measurement.
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