Solution-processed Metal Halide Perovskites of Various Dimensionalities for Hard-radiation Detection Using Direct Conversion and Scintillation
Sergii Yakunin b, Maksym Kovalenko b
a ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 1, Zürich, Switzerland
b EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Strasse, 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting19 (NFM19)
#RadDet19. Radiation Detection Semiconductors Materials, Physics and Devices
Berlin, Germany, 2019 November 3rd - 8th
Organizers: Mahshid Ahmadi and Germà Garcia-Belmonte
Invited Speaker, Sergii Yakunin, presentation 213
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.213
Publication date: 18th July 2019

A decade ago, lead halide perovskites emerged in optoelectronic research as a novel class of solution-processed, low-cost semiconductors with intriguing charge-transport properties. Since then, enormous interest has been directed towards these materials. Aside from the mainstream research focused on perovskite PVs, these materials also promise to benefit other adjacent optoelectronic fields such as photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and lasers. These benefits are not only due to the low cost and easy processability associated with perovskites, but also with the notable charge-transport, defect-tolerance, efficient excitonic dynamics, and band gap tunability that 3D perovskites exhibit. Unlike in PV applications where the heavy metal content of lead halide perovskites is considered a drawback, X-ray detectors instead turn this drawback into an advantage due to their high absorptivity. Additionally, the high carrier mobility, low cost and easy scalability make the lead halide perovskites almost ideal materials for the large scale production of flat panel X-ray radiation detectors that are in high demand in medicine, high-precision control in advanced manufacturing, and security [1].

The numerous advantages of lead halide perovskites were also realized in gamma detectors [2].  While gamma detectors offered several additional challenges in comparison to X-ray detectors, such as achieving extremely low detector noise and high charge collection efficiency, these were surmounted by selecting the proper cation composition in lead halide perovskite single crystals [3].

In contrast to direct conversion by bulk 3D perovskites, 3D perovskite nanocrystals were recently proposed as promising scintillators given their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), although issues pertaining to the self-absorption of emitted light are expected. The self-absorption is indeed suppressed by low-dimensional (LD) perovskites that are structurally derived from their 3D counterparts with disconnected metal halide octahedra. Given that they still exhibit high X-ray absorption, and that LD perovskites exhibit self-trapped exciton (STE) emission with large Stokes shifts and high PLQY, it was recently demonstrated that LD perovskites act as efficient X-ray scintillators [4]. 

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