Spectral Conversion for Harvesting Sub-bandgap Photons in Perovskite Solar Cells

Roja Singh^a^,^b, Eduard Madirov^a^,^c, Dmitry Busko^a, Ihteaz M. Hossain^a^,^b, Vasilii A. Konyushkin^d, Andrey N. Nakladov^d, Sergey V. Kuznetsov^d, Amjad Farooq^a^,^b^,^e, Saba Gharibzadeh^a^,^b, Ulrich W. Paetzold^a^,^b, Bryce S. Richards^a^,^b, Andrey Turshatov^a

^aInstitute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

^bLight Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

^cKazan Federal University, ulitsa Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation

^dProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str, 38, Moscow, Russian Federation

^eInstitute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße, 15, Essen, Germany

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021 (NFM21)

#PerEmer21. Perovskites III: Emerging Materials and Phenomena

Online, Spain, 2021 October 18th - 22nd

Organizers: Moritz Futscher, Jovana Milic and Aditya Mohite

Contributed talk, Roja Singh, presentation 218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.218
Publication date: 23rd September 2021

Spectral conversion tailors the incident solar spectrum such that it is better suited for particular photovoltaic absorber material; in our work, an organometal halide perovskite semiconductor. In double cation perovskite solar cells (bandgap 1.57eV), 41% of the incident spectrum is wasted by sub-bandgap losses. In order to reduce these losses in the future, we research up-conversion (UC) crystal BaF₂: Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ for the annihilation of two low-energy photons to form a high-energy photon. The low phonon energy of BaF₂ crystal (240 cm⁻¹) results in reduced non-radiative losses.¹ Hence, BaF₂: Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ UC crystal exhibits a high UC quantum yield of ~10%, comparable to the best available fluoride materials. When tested under terrestrial sunlight representing one sun above the perovskite’s bandgap and sub-bandgap illumination at 980 nm (via a laser), the BaF₂: Yb³⁺, Er³⁺ crystal emits usable upconverted photons in the spectral range of 520 to 700 nm. In our bifacial PSC with the UC crystal beneath, these upconverted photons contribute to 0.38 mA/cm² enhancement in short-circuit current density at a laser intensity equivalent to 120 suns. We demonstrate that UC scales non-linearly with incident intensity, with an intensity equivalent to 880 suns resulting in a 2.09 mA/cm² enhancement in current. Our study validates that UC is a potentially viable process to extend the response of PSC to a wider spectral range.

References:

[1] Madirov, E. I.; Konyushkin, V. A.; Nakladov, A. N.; Fedorov , P. P.; Bergfeldt, T. .; Busko, D. .; Howard, I. A. .; Richards, B. S.; Kuznetsov, S. V. and Turshatov, A. Up-Conversion Luminophore with High Quantum Yield and Brightness Based on BaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ Single Crystals. J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9, 3493–3503

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