Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO25)
Publication date: 24th April 2025
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have remarkably advanced, reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCE) over 26%, making them a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaics [1]. However, most high-efficiency records have been achieved through spin-coating, a technique suitable for lab-scale but not for commercialization. Although cost-effective industrial methods such as coating and printing exist, these methods face challenges when scaled up to larger areas. This is mainly due to the increase of solvent consumption and the numerous hazards associated with highly toxic solvents like N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), which raise significant safety and environmental concerns.
Recent advancements in green solvents within the perovskite research community have achieved PCEs comparable to DMF-based PSCs [2,3]. However, this research primarily focused on narrow bandgap perovskite formulations (<1.6 eV). This study addresses these concerns by employing inkjet printing as a scalable fabrication technique coupled with green solvents to process wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites suitable for tandem applications. The environmental, health, safety, and toxicity indices of solvents are evaluated to determine the greenness of the solvent. A biomass-derived green solvent is utilized to formulate WBG perovskite ink (~1.68 eV). Due to the solvent's low donor number (DN), precipitation in the ink is observed when dissolving lead halides. Typically, WBG perovskites contain significant amounts of bromide and cesium ions, which are challenging to dissolve. Therefore, a solvent with higher DN must be used as a co-solvent to delay perovskite crystallization. The concentration of ink is carefully engineered to ensure its solubility and printability. Wetting and drying on the substrate are optimized by understanding the interaction between the surface and the ink. An additive in the bulk and a surface passivation at the perovskite and ETL interface enhanced the crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite and reduced surface recombination.
With these strategies, the green solvent-based inkjet-printed PSCs achieved efficiencies above 17%. To the best of our knowledge, is significantly higher than any previously reported PCEs for inkjet-printed wide bandgap PSCs fabricated with green solvents, indicating the potential of transferring this technology to silicon-based tandem solar cells. Our research offers practical strategies for a safer and more environmentally friendly scalable production of efficient perovskite photovoltaics.
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The International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO) is the best place to hear the latest developments in perovskite solar cells as well as on recent advances in the fields of perovskite light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.