Evaporation Methods for Scalable Highly Efficient Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Juliane Borchert a b c
a Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
b Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
c University of Freiburg, Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH)
NIPHO25
Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO25)
Cagliari, Italy, 2025 June 9th - 10th
Organizers: Giulia Grancini, Daniela Marongiu and Aldo Di Carlo
Invited Speaker, Juliane Borchert, presentation 038
Publication date: 24th April 2025

To fabricate and eventually scale highly efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells it is crucial to deposit perovskite thin-films of high quality reliably onto industrial silicon solar cells. To do this we employ several evaporation techniques such as co-evaporation, sequential evaporation, and the hybrid route which combines evaporation with wet-chemical deposition techniques. Each of these has its own challenges and opportunities. In this talk I will share the insights we have gained into the growth mechanisms, crystallization behavior, and the influencing factors that govern the evaporation of different perovskites.

We implemented these perovskite films into tandem solar cells reaching efficiencies above 31% on 1 cm² cells. I will discuss the modeling and optimization steps that were taken to improve the whole tandem stack and achieve these results.  These high laboratory efficiencies now motivate our efforts to take these devices from laboratory to large-scale production. For this purpose, we are also developing and optimizing large area deposition methods for the contact and passivation layers of the solar cell. We are also pursuing device architectures that go beyond dual junction tandems to realize triple junction solar cells utilizing silicon and perovskite layers, which offer an even higher efficiency potential. I will present the progress we have made in that endeavor.  

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