Publication date: 1st July 2014
Organometallic mixed halide perovskite-based solar cells have shown a breakthrough in power conversion efficiency. Solution-processed devices with power conversion efficiencies of 10-12%1-3 were reported in 2012, and have more recently exceeded 15% in devices processed by evaporation4 and sequential deposition5. Recently new perovskite types have been developed by modifying the chemical composition of the materials6,7.
We investigate the photo-physical properties of mixed-halide lead perovskite films with varying bromide-iodide ratios from pure iodide to pure bromide which were prepared by spincoating from solution. We measure the absorption onset with high sensitivity using photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy. We additionally study the recombination of photo-excited states by transient photoluminescence spectroscopy and correlate our spectroscopic findings with results from X-ray diffraction measurements. We find that our sample fabrication protocol yields materials with single optical transitions and surprisingly clean photo-physical properties.
1 Ball, J. M., Lee, M. M., Hey, A. & Snaith, H. J. Low-temperature processed meso-superstructured to thin-film perovskite solar cells. Energy & Environmental Science, doi:10.1039/c3ee40810h (2013).
2 Kim, H.-S. et al. Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%. Scientific Reports 2, doi:10.1038/srep00591 (2012).
3 Lee, M. M., Teuscher, J., Miyasaka, T., Murakami, T. N. & Snaith, H. J. Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites. Science 338, 643-647, doi:10.1126/science.1228604 (2012).
4 Liu, M., Johnston, M. B. & Snaith, H. J. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 501, 395-398, doi:10.1038/nature12509 (2013).
5 Burschka, J. et al. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499, 316-319, doi:10.1038/nature12340 (2013).
6 Noh, J. H., Im, S. H., Heo, J. H., Mandal, T. N. & Seok, S. I. Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells. Nano Letters 13, 1764-1769, doi:10.1021/nl400349b (2013).
7 Stoumpos, C. C., Malliakas, C. D. & Kanatzidis, M. G. Semiconducting Tin and Lead Iodide Perovskites with Organic Cations: Phase Transitions, High Mobilities, and Near-Infrared Photoluminescent Properties. Inorg. Chem. 52, 9019-9038, doi:10.1021/ic401215x (2013).
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