Publication date: 1st July 2014
Perovskite-based solar cells have recently exceeded the power conversion efficiencies exhibited by some established photovoltaics concepts, such as dye-sensitized, organic and amorphous silicon solar cells. At present, the devices are limited by losses in the open circuit voltage due to the misalignment of the energy levels at the interface between the perovskite and the charge extraction layers. Particularly in wide bandgap perovskite absorbers, which could be potentially useful in tandem applications with a c-Si or CIGS bottom cell, losses up to 0.9 eV can be observed. For this type of application, high temperature steps must be avoided, which precludes the use of mesoporous TiO2 films.
Here, we have focused on planar heterojunction devices via a two-step deposition technique of the perovskite absorber. However, this protocol results in a rough film of the perovskite, with some crystals piercing through the hole conductor layer. To minimize these voltage losses in high bandgap hybrid perovskite structures, we have used novel polymers, which form conformal layers over the perovskite film. The materials and interfaces were characterized via X-ray photo emission spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photo emission spectroscopy (UPS).
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