Publication date: 31st May 2020
We report the first systematic assessment of intrinsic thermal and photochemical stability of a large panel of complex lead halides APbX3 incorporating different univalent cations (A=CH3NH3+, [NH2CHNH2]+, Cs+) and halogen anions (X=Br, I) using a series of complementary analytical techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, EDX chemical analysis, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We show that both heat stress and light soaking can induce a severe degradation of perovskite films even under well-controlled inert atmosphere in the absence of oxygen and moisture. The stability of complex lead halides increases in the order MAPbBr3<MAPbI3<FAPbI3<FAPbBr3<CsPbI3<CsPbBr3 , thus featuring all-inorganic perovskites as the most promising absorbers for stable perovskite solar cells.
An important correlation was found between the stability of the complex lead halides and the volatility of univalent cation halides (AX) incorporated in their structure. In particular, MAPbBr3 has the lowest stability since it is comprised of PbBr2 and the most volatile MABr. On the contrary, all-inorganic CsPbX3 compounds show remarkable stability since CsBr and CsI are non-volatile under the solar cell operation conditions. The established relationship provides useful guidelines for designing new complex metal halides with immensely improved stability.
This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project 19-73-30020).
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