Publication date: 31st May 2020
The field of photovoltaics is undergoing a surge of interest following the recent discovery of the lead halide perovskites as a remarkable family of solar absorber materials demonstrating outstanding efficiencies in solar cells. However, the intrinsic instability of complex lead halides under exposure to light limits severely the lifetime of the solar cells based on these materials. Many of the excellent properties seen in hybrid perovskites are thought to derive from the ns2 electronic configuration of lead, a configuration seen in a range of post-transition metal compounds, such as Sb(III) and Bi(III) halide and chalcohalide complexes [1]. In this work, a series of covalent all-inorganic chalcohalide complexes of Sb and Bi was considered in terms of promising photoactive semiconducting materials with appropriate photovoltaic characteristics.
The materials considered have the general composition of AxByQmXn (A, B – metals; Q = S, Se; X = Cl, Br, I), with 3D- and pseudo-3D structures. The synthesis of these complexes was carried out by thermal sintering of simple or binary compounds mixtures in vacuum-sealed ampoules under the argon atmosphere [2]. Their semiconductor and photoelectrical properties were investigated in thin films deposited on glass substrates by thermal evaporation of the target material or its precursors. The elemental and phase composition of the materials were characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy and XRD methods, respectively.
Some materials, such as CuIn2Se3Br (1), CuIn2Se3I (2), and InSb2Se4Br (3) demonstrated significant increase in conductivity under illumination. The revealed photoconductivity opens wide opportunities for designing lateral photodetectors using these materials. The laboratory prototypes of solar cells with the general configuration of ITO/ETL(HTL)/Photoactive material (1) or (2)/HTL(ETL)/Ag were fabricated and subsequently optimized in order to reach optimal photovoltaic characteristics. The highest power conversion efficiency (~1%) in solar cells was obtained for material (1). We believe that further improvements can be achieved while optimizing the material structure, processing conditions and device geometry.
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