Carbon-based materials are playing an increasingly important role in catalysis owing to their structural diversity, tunable electronic properties, and applicability across thermal, electrochemical, and photochemical processes. From nitrogen-doped porous carbons for electrocatalysis, to carbon nitrides enabling photo- and photoelectrochemical transformations, carbon-based materials offer unique opportunities for the sustainable conversion of abundant resources into fuels and chemicals. Despite rapid progress in the field, important challenges remain in understanding how structure, heteroatom incorporation, porosity, and active-site govern catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability across different catalytic platforms. This symposium aims to discuss recent advances and emerging challenges in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of carbon-based catalytic materials. It will provide an overview of state-of-the-art approaches for the development of heteroatom-doped carbons, carbon nitrides, and polymer materials for electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalytic applications. Particular emphasis will be placed on understanding structure–property relationships, reaction mechanisms, and arising concepts in catalysis. The symposium will bring together leading researchers providing a platform for the exchange of ideas, new approaches, and collaborations. Participants will have the opportunity to engage in discussions spanning fundamental aspects of carbon-based materials chemistry to the development of next-generation catalytic systems for sustainable energy conversion and chemical synthesis.