Publication date: 8th June 2021
We report on the experimental realisation of an electrostatic programmable phase plate for electrons making use of a series of microscopic electrostatic elements that can be individually controlled to shift the phase of a coherent electron beam passing through them [1]. The device offers a total of 48 pixels and provides rapid and hysteresis free control over the phase. We show experimental proof of the ability to implement basic electron optical functions as focus, astigmatism and spherical aberration correction and discuss multiple design patterns to optimise for a given function. We discuss the potential applications of this device as an aberration corrector, contrast enhancement for weakly scattering objects, seeing through thick objects, solving inverse problems and increased selectivity in inelastic scattering. Its compact design, lack of magnetic hysteresis and microsecond response time make this an attractive tool to significantly improve the capabilities of future electron microscopes. We discuss the possibility to adaptively correct for aberrations keeping contrast and resolution in the most optimal imaging conditions without lengthy manual tuning procedures allowing for unattended measurement procedures that could increase the attractiveness of electron microscopy in e.g. industrial and clinical settings.
The authors acknowledge funding from a Proof of Concept grant from the European Research Council (DLV-789598 ADAPTEM.) and from the University of Antwerp. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research Infrastructure - Integrating Activities for Advanced Communities under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. We acknowledge funding from the Flemish Research Fund under contract G042820N 'Exploring adaptive optics in transmission electron microscopy'.
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