Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Amongst many applications Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is a well-established hole-transport material in organic photovoltaics (OPV) devices. When applied in inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices the interface between photo-active layer and PEDOT:PSS was identified as critical for device stability due to layer delamination as one contributor to device degradation.[1]
In this study a new type of non-aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion is presented which targets this particular critical interface aiming for an improved layer adhesion of PEDOT:PSS to the photo-active layer for enhanced device stability. The work not just comprises the development of this new PEDOT:PSS formulation but also focuses on the optimization of this system including effect enhancing additives and processing methods.
Thin film layer and interface characterization include techniques such as absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and surface energy measurements. The interface adhesion was measured by tack test and cross-cut tape test to compare the adhesion behavior. This complementary analysis allows gaining a deeper understanding of the structure/function relationship and the parameters influencing the interface as well as the layer adhesion.
The experimental data suggests that the adhesion properties of this PEDOT:PSS type are influenced by the additive effects which may lead to the formation of a mixed interlayer consisting of interpenetrating photo-active material and PEDOT:PSS domains. It can be seen as a one-step in-situ interpenetration process to form a mixed interface of greater strength.
Further, the new PEDOT:PSS formulation was tested in inverted OPV devices based on the model system ITO/ ZnO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene):Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(P3HT:PCBM)/ PEDOT:PSS/Ag to translate this added functionality into the device application where it showed an improved OPV performance over the aqueous reference system. In a final step long-term device stability tests performed allow evaluating the effects of the different dispersions developed and show the impact on the operational device stability.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2011 under grant agreement ESTABLIS n° 290022).
[1] Jørgensen, M.; Norrman, K.; Gevorgyan, S. A.; Tromholt, T.; Andreasen, B. and Krebs F. C. “Stability of Polymer Solar Cells.” Advanced Materials 2012, 24,5, 580–612.
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