Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
State-of-the-art perovskite solar cells based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) nowadays reach efficiencies over 20 %. This fast improvement of efficiency over the last few years was possible with intensive research in the processing of the photoactive layer through different synthesis approaches. In particular, chlorine based precursors are known to have a positive influence on the crystallization of the perovskite. Here, we used a combination of in-situ X-ray diffraction and charge transport measurements to understand the influence of chloride during the perovskite crystallization in planar heterojunction solar cells. Our results show that methylammonium lead chloride (MAPbCl3) crystallizes directly after the deposition of the starting solution, while methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) needs some time and heat to emerge on the substrate. Furthermore, we show that the crystal growth kinetics, and hence crystal morphology, can be tuned by the slow evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. We propose a crystallization mechanism whereby MAPbCl3 acts as a template which is converted into MAPbI3 during heat treatment. Additionally, we show via time of flight experiments that the charge carrier mobility within these films doubles by extending the time for the template formation. Our results give a deeper understanding of the influence of chloride in the synthesis of MAPbI3 and illustrate the importance of carefully controlling crystallization for reproducible, high efficiency solar cells.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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