Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Since 2011, perovskite absorbers are a rapidly evolving topic of research in the field of thin film photovoltaics. Since impressive efficiencies above 20% could be reached for the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite [1] the question of upscaling becomes more and more relevant. One well established fabrication process for thin film light absorbers is the Closed Space Sublimation (CSS). The general applicability of the process for CH3NH3PbI3 layer fabrication has been shown by recent publications [2][3] as well as by former work in our group for ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions.
The aim of this work is the comparison of PbI2 and PbCl2 base layers, as well as of the resulting perovskite layers. This will be done with regard to their stability under ultra high vacuum conditions during the CSS process and with regard to the possibility to tune the perovskite layer morphology. The used methods include X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, first solar cells with promising efficiencies above 6% for PbI2 and above 3% for PbCl2 could be achieved. Nevertheless, before the CSS can be regarded as a possible large scale fabrication process for perovskite thin film solar cells, the efficiencies need to be improved. Therefore, further optimization steps have to be carried out. Namely, the influence of controlled humidity on the CSS transformation of the Pb-salt layers needs to be studied with emphasis placed on perovskite layer morphology and solar cell performance. Also, the possibility of extending the process window for the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite fabrication under UHV conditions to substrate temperatures above 150°C by Closed Space Sublimation will be evaluated.
[1] http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/
[2]G. Li, J. Y. L. Ho, M. Wong and H.-S. Kwok, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 10, No. 2, 2016, DOI 10.1002/pssr.201510386.
[3]Q. Guo, C. Li, W. Qiao, S. Ma, F. Wang, B. Zhang, L. Hu, S. Dar and Z. Tan, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, DOI: 0.1039/C5EE03620H.
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