Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.195
Publication date: 21st February 2018
Organic solar cells (OSCs) continue to be a promising low-cost and lead-free photovoltaic technology, which can be processed from benign solvents with efficiency over 12% along with good stability[1]. Of critical importance to continued advances of OSCs is understanding and manipulating the composition of the amorphous mixed phase, which is governed by the thermodynamic molecular interactions[2,3] of the polymer donor and acceptor molecules and the kinetics of the casting process. Here we highlight the significance of molecular interaction and vitrification in understanding the important aspects of morphology, performance, and stability of OSC. We present the temperature dependence of these molecular interactions as encoded by the effective temperature-dependent Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ(T) in a model system PCDTBT:PCBM. We relate χ(T) to the device processing and performance and develop a framework that we successfully apply to 15 pairs of nonfullerene small molecule acceptor (NFA) systems[4]. It is also shown and argued that the polymer:NFA systems with a amorphous-amorphous χ and binodal composition near the percolation threshold, during normal device operating conditions, can exhibit a stable morphology only if the crystallization of small molecule acceptor in active layer is suppressed due to a vitrified structure in the host polymer. Consequently, determining χ at processing temperature can serve as a feasible tool to predict device performance and in turn guide the choice of processing conditions where the binodal composition is close to the percolation threshold. Most significantly, our framework will pave a way to predict the morphology and stability of OSCs at actual processing and operating temperatures.
References
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[2] M. Ghasemi, L. Ye, Q. Zhang, L. Yan, J. H. Kim, O. Awartani, W. You, A. Gadisa, H. Ade, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604603.
[3] L. Ye, B. A. Collins, X. Jiao, J. Zhao, H. Yan, H. Ade, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201703058.
[4] L. Ye, H. Hu, M. Ghasemi, T. Wang, B. A. Collins, J.-H. Kim, K. Jiang, J. Carpenter, H. Li, Z. Li, T. McAfee, J. Zhao, X. k. Chen, J. Y. L. Lai, T. Ma, J.-L. Bredas, H. Yan, H. Ade, Nat. Mater. 2017, DOI: 10.1038/s41563-017-0005-1.
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