Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Publication date: 11th May 2021
Understanding the crystallization of perovskites will help in the development of better control over the film formation, consistency and reliability. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) has been used to follow early nucleation and optical microscopy to follow the later crystal growth of mixed halide perovskite (MAPbI3-xClx) films in situ after deposition by bar coating [1]. Significantly different kinetics were caused by the presence of DIO or HI. Additives speed up the nucleation, increasing the number of crystals, altering morphology, promoting heterogeneous nucleation and changing the mode of growth from reaction-controlled growth for the pristine MAPbI3–xClx, to hindered diffusion-controlled growth in the presence of HI and DIO. Additives are shown to increase the numbers of nucleation centres modifying the size of crystals produced. Additive-free MAPbI3-xClx follows reaction-controlled growth, in contrast to when DIO and HI are present as additives and the growth mechanism becomes diffusion controlled.
References
1. Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites Edwin Pineda De La O, Noura Alhazmi, Stephen J. Ebbens, and Alan D. F. Dunbar ACS Applied Energy Materials 2021 4 (2), 1398-1409 DOI:10.1021/acsaem.0c02625
An open access version is available here:
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/171800/1/acsaem.0c02625.pdf
and Supplementary Information here:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02625?goto=supporting-info
The authors acknowledge Diamond Light Source for granting access to beamline i22 on experiment number SM20757-1.
AD acknowledges funding from EPSRC grant EP/M025020/1 and EP thanks SENER-CONACYT for a PhD studentship.
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