Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP20)
Publication date: 14th October 2019
Three-dimensional perovskites are represented by the general formula ABX3, where the A site contains organic or inorganic cations such as cesium (Cs+), methylammonium (MA+; CH3NH3+), or formamidinium (FA+; HC(NH2)2+); the B site contains divalent metals such as lead (Pb2+) or tin (Sn2+); and the X site contains halide anions such as chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), or iodide (I−).
We demonstrate inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) growth [1] of formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3). The high-crystalline ITC-grown FASnI3 film was fabricated via a dip-coating method featuring a high-temperature substrate and a precursor solution.
Optical measurements (transmittance and temperature-dependent photoluminescence) revealed the presence of a narrow bandgap (1.34 eV) in the FASnI3 ITC-grown film, contrasting with the bandgap of a conventional spin-coated film [2] and single crystal [3].
Solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that FA cations in the FASnI3 ITC-grown film were strongly bound with the SnI6 octahedron and that the motion of the FA molecules were restricted, resulting in the stabilization of a metastable bonding state in the FASnI3 ITC-grown film.
On the basis of these results and previous reports, the narrow bandgap observed in the FASnI3 ITC-grown film was attributed to an indirect transition state induced by Rashba splitting effect.
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