Publication date: 5th November 2025
The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critically dependent on the morphology and crystalline quality of the light-absorbing perovskite film. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a high-boiling-point polar solvent, is widely used to prepare high-quality perovskite films due to its strong coordination with lead-iodide bonds. However, the slow evaporation kinetics make it challenging to control crystal nucleation and growth, often leading to inhomogeneous crystallization and buried interfacial pinholes, which ultimately limit device efficiency and stability.
To overcome these challenges, we developed a series of DMSO extraction engineering strategies to precisely regulate solvent removal pathways during perovskite crystallization. First, a polar bifunctional molecule was introduced to achieve dual-side passivation of the buried interface, effectively suppressing DMSO adsorption on unsaturated defect sites and facilitating its complete volatilization.[1] Second, an ultrafast photo-responsive molecule was designed, whose sub-picosecond, UV-induced isomerization actively propels DMSO molecules away from the bottom interface of the perovskite layer.[2] In addition, a zwitterionic elastomer was incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution, which selectively adsorbs DMSO and self-assembles along grain boundaries, guiding an ordered DMSO release that ensures uniform and defect-suppressed crystallization across the film.
These findings highlight the importance of solvent management in perovskite crystallization and provide a materials-based route toward high-efficiency and stable device fabrication.
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