Publication date: 5th November 2025
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have drawn considerable interest as emerging renewable energy technologies owing to their low production cost, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with scalable fabrication methods. Although recent developments have pushed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPVs beyond 20%, further improvement is essential to compete with conventional silicon-based devices. Among the factors influencing OPV performance, the optimization of interfacial layers—particularly charge transport layers—is crucial for controlling energy level alignment, facilitating selective charge extraction, and minimizing recombination losses.
In this study, a novel perylene diimide (PDI)-based interfacial material, BO-P106, was synthesized to overcome the limitations of conventional metal oxide electron transport layers (ETLs) that require high-temperature processing. BO-P106 enables the formation of smooth, pinhole-free films with excellent interfacial contact, effectively tuning energy alignment between the active layer and the electrode. Devices incorporating BO-P106 achieved PCEs of 14.60% in inverted structures and 17.73% in conventional configurations, demonstrating its superior versatility. Furthermore, when employed as a hole-blocking layer in perovskite solar cells, BO-P106 effectively suppressed hole injection and exhibited comparable performance to the benchmark material BCP.
These findings underscore the potential of BO-P106 as a multifunctional interfacial material capable of enhancing efficiency, stability, and compatibility across diverse photovoltaic systems, providing valuable insights for the future development of high-performance organic and hybrid solar cells.
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