Publication date: 5th November 2025
Organic hole-selective layers (HSLs) play a pivotal role in achieving high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly under indoor illumination. The chemical structure and molecular configuration of HSLs critically determine their hole transport capability and interfacial contact with perovskite layers. While functional groups are commonly introduced to enhance energy level alignment and film formation, the effects of their substitution positions, as well as the influence of spacer units and linker lengths, remain underexplored. Investigating these individual molecular design factors can help create more favorable interfacial environments for perovskite crystallization, suppress interfacial recombination, and ultimately enhance device efficiency and stability. Indoor photovoltaic devices based on perovskites are particularly promising due to their tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, and excellent spectral match with common indoor light sources such as LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Through interfacial engineering using newly designed HSLs, inverted CsFAPbI3-xBrx PSCs achieved a PCE exceeding 20% under one-sun equivalent illumination and over 40% under indoor LED lighting, highlighting the potential of molecularly tailored HSLs for next-generation indoor energy-harvesting applications.
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