Publication date: 5th November 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 27%. However, their poor long-term durability remains a major obstacle to commercialization. The intrinsic instability of perovskite materials and their interfaces—particularly under exposure to moisture, oxygen, heat, and light—leads to rapid degradation of device performance. In this study, we demonstrate significant improvement in the operational stability of PSCs through a comprehensive materials and interface engineering approach. Novel organic defect-passivation materials were synthesized to effectively neutralize ionic defects and suppress non-radiative recombination at the perovskite surface. In addition, new hole-transport materials with high thermal stability and stable energy levels were developed to minimize interfacial diffusion and enhance hole extraction. Interface engineering between the perovskite and transport layers was further optimized by introducing molecularly compatible interlayers that reduce energy level mismatch and prevent ion migration. Moreover, the perovskite absorber layer composition and crystallization dynamics were precisely tuned to achieve dense, uniform films with reduced trap densities. Structural modification of oxide-based electron transport layers provided additional protection against moisture ingress and improved interfacial contact. As a result, the optimized devices exhibited excellent environmental and thermal stability, maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after prolonged operation under continuous illumination and elevated temperature. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability in PSCs, offering practical insights for their future commercialization.
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