Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
Artificial optical synapses with low energy consumption, fast signal transmission and strong interference tolerance are essential for visual neuromorphic electronics. However, most existing devices need complex embedded charge-trapping layers or high operating voltages. In this work, we report a single-layer photosensitive nanocomposite dielectric (PND) that enables low-voltage optical organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) without an embedded layer. The devices can be modulated both electrically and fully optically. We functionalize TiO₂ nanoparticles with a rubber to form a PND that can be photo-cured and patterned. Within this dielectric, the TiO₂ nanoparticles act as both the light-absorbing component and the site where synaptic weight is stored. The devices show spike-width-, spike-number- and spike-rate-dependent plasticity, as well as long-term potentiation and depression, under both electrical and optical stimuli. The energy consumption is as low as 10.09 fJ at −1 mV. We also propose a way to evaluate energy consumption during synaptic weight modulation in neural network computation, which is a more realistic metric for neuromorphic devices. When the optical synaptic weights are integrated into a deep neural network, the system reaches 92.7% accuracy in recognizing noisy images under fully optical modulation. This TiO₂-based PND offers a simple route to low-energy neuromorphic electronics with reduced fabrication complexity
W.-Y. L. thanks financial support from the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan (112-2221-E-027-012-MY3 and 114-2124-M-027-001). C.-C. C thanks financial supports from NSTC in Taiwan (112-2223-E-002-008-MY4 and 113-2628-E-002-015-MY3) and from Top University Project of National Taiwan University (115L7722, 115L104305, and 115L893903).
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