Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP27)
Publication date: 22nd October 2026
The demand for sustainable and lead-free photovoltaic technologies has intensified interest in Cs2AgBiBr6 (CABB) double perovskites. In this work, we advance HTL-free CABB double-perovskite solar cells (DPSC) by engineering a bifacial interfacial passivation strategy using two-dimensional Ti3C2TX MXene. MXene layers were selectively introduced at the FTO/TiO2 (FMT) and TiO2/CABB (FTM) interfaces within FTO/TiO2/CABB/Carbon DPSC stacks. Physicochemical analysis confirms that MXene underlayer integration (FMT) produces the most uniform ETL, as reflected in lower roughness parameters (Ra: 8.98 nm, Rq: 11.46 nm) and lower asperities (Rz: 79.97 nm) compared to FT and FTM. EIS analysis reveals that FMT delivers the most favourable charge-transport characteristics, with the lowest RS and RCt, the highest RRec, and superior carrier lifetime and diffusion metrics (τe = 0.376 s, Ln = 63.8 μm, De = 1.08 × 104 μm2 s-1, ηcc = 99.5%). Henceforth, the FMT ETL-based DPSC achieves a champion PCE of 6.92% (VOC = 0.98 V, JSC = 16.19 mA cm-2, FF = 0.57), surpassing both bare FT (PCE = 3.74%) and FTM-based DPSCs (PCE = 4.93%).[1] The improvement stems from more efficient electron extraction from the CABB absorber and pronounced suppression of interfacial recombination, enabled by favourable MXene-TiO2 band alignment and reduced defect densities.
The authors are thankful to SIC and the MEMS department at IIT Indore for providing research facilities and motivating the research. The authors are grateful to the DST, India, and JSPS, Japan, for the DST/INT/JSPS/P-373/2023(G) and TNP-85286 India-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Research Grant. PMS is thankful to SERB, Govt. of India, for the research grant with F. No. TAR/2021/000307. AS acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST) INSPIRE for the fellowship with the sanction number ‘‘DST/INSPIRE/2021/IF200232’’. The author also acknowledges Dr. Sawanta S. Mali, Dr. Jyoti V. Patil, Prof. Chang Kook Hong, Anushka Singh, and Shubham Upadhyay for providing Characterization support, technical assistance, and scientific discussions.
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